In mathematics, the infinite series1/2 + 1/4 + 1/8 + 1/16 + ··· is an elementary example of a geometric series that converges absolutely.
So, 2 2 would be typed 2^2. X 2 would be typed x^2. (x+5) 2 would be typed (x+5)^2. You can put a fraction in an exponent. X 2/3 should be typed like x^(2/3). With more complicated fractions you have to use parenthesis. For example if you typed x^2+1/x-5, you might think this means 'the quantity 'x-squared plus 1' over the quantity 'x minus 5. 3-1/4' x 2' 10 Business Cards on Page. 1' Heart Labels 63 Labels Per Page. CD DVD Labels 2 Sets Per Page. 2-11/16' x 2' 15 Labels Per Page. 2-1/2' Round 12 Labels Per. Continental Building Products 1/2-in x 4-ft x 8-ft LiftLite Drywall Panel. Item #358129 Model #1248LLT080000. Get Pricing and Availability. Use Current Location. Check Other Stores closed. Formulated to be up to 25% lighter than standard 1/2-inch drywall making it easier to lift, carry and install.
There are many different expressions that can be shown to be equivalent to the problem, such as the form: 2−1 + 2−2 + 2−3 + .
The sum of this series can be denoted in summation notation as:
- 12+14+18+116+⋯=∑n=1∞(12)n=121−12=1.{displaystyle {frac {1}{2}}+{frac {1}{4}}+{frac {1}{8}}+{frac {1}{16}}+cdots =sum _{n=1}^{infty }left({frac {1}{2}}right)^{n}={frac {frac {1}{2}}{1-{frac {1}{2}}}}=1.}
Proof[edit]
As with any infinite series, the infinite sum
- 12+14+18+116+⋯{displaystyle {frac {1}{2}}+{frac {1}{4}}+{frac {1}{8}}+{frac {1}{16}}+cdots }
is defined to mean the limit of the sum of the first n terms Interactive piano software.
- sn=12+14+18+116+⋯+12n−1+12n{displaystyle s_{n}={frac {1}{2}}+{frac {1}{4}}+{frac {1}{8}}+{frac {1}{16}}+cdots +{frac {1}{2^{n-1}}}+{frac {1}{2^{n}}}}
as n approaches infinity.
Multiplying sn by 2 reveals a useful relationship:
- 2sn=22+24+28+216+⋯+22n=1+[12+14+18+⋯+12n−1]=1+[sn−12n].{displaystyle 2s_{n}={frac {2}{2}}+{frac {2}{4}}+{frac {2}{8}}+{frac {2}{16}}+cdots +{frac {2}{2^{n}}}=1+left[{frac {1}{2}}+{frac {1}{4}}+{frac {1}{8}}+cdots +{frac {1}{2^{n-1}}}right]=1+left[s_{n}-{frac {1}{2^{n}}}right].}
Subtracting sn from both sides,
- sn=1−12n.{displaystyle s_{n}=1-{frac {1}{2^{n}}}.}
As n approaches infinity, sntends to 1.
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History[edit]
Zeno's paradox[edit]
This series was used as a representation of many of Zeno's paradoxes, one of which, Achilles and the Tortoise, is shown here.[1] In the paradox, the warrior Achilles was to race against a tortoise. The track is 100 meters long. Achilles could run at 10 m/s, while the tortoise only 5. The tortoise, with a 10-meter advantage, Zeno argued, would win. Achilles would have to move 10 meters to catch up to the tortoise, but by then, the tortoise would already have moved another five meters. Achilles would then have to move 5 meters, where the tortoise would move 2.5 meters, and so on. Zeno argued that the tortoise would always remain ahead of Achilles.
The Eye of Horus[edit]
The parts of the Eye of Horus were once thought to represent the first six summands of the series.[2]
In a myriad ages it will not be exhausted[edit]
'Zhuangzi', also known as 'South China Classic', written by Zhuang Zhou. In the miscellaneous chapters 'All Under Heaven', he said: 'Take a chi long stick and remove half every day, in a myriad ages it will not be exhausted.'
See also[edit]
References[edit]
- ^Wachsmuth, Bet G. 'Description of Zeno's paradoxes'. Archived from the original on 2014-12-31. Retrieved 2014-12-29.
- ^Stewart, Ian (2009). Professor Stewart's Hoard of Mathematical Treasures. Profile Books. pp. 76–80. ISBN978 1 84668 292 6.
Enter an equation along with the variable you wish to solve it for and click the Solve button.
In this chapter, we will develop certain techniques that help solve problems stated in words. These techniques involve rewriting problems in the form of symbols. For example, the stated problem
'Find a number which, when added to 3, yields 7'
may be written as:
3 + ? = 7, 3 + n = 7, 3 + x = 1
Waves complete. and so on, where the symbols ?, n, and x represent the number we want to find. We call such shorthand versions of stated problems equations, or symbolic sentences. Equations such as x + 3 = 7 are first-degree equations, since the variable has an exponent of 1. The terms to the left of an equals sign make up the left-hand member of the equation; those to the right make up the right-hand member. Thus, in the equation x + 3 = 7, the left-hand member is x + 3 and the right-hand member is 7.
SOLVING EQUATIONS
Webtolayers 1 1 2 X 42
Equations may be true or false, just as word sentences may be true or false. The equation:
3 + x = 7
will be false if any number except 4 is substituted for the variable. The value of the variable for which the equation is true (4 in this example) is called the solution of the equation. We can determine whether or not a given number is a solution of a given equation by substituting the number in place of the variable and determining the truth or falsity of the result.
Example 1 Determine if the value 3 is a solution of the equation
4x - 2 = 3x + 1
Solution We substitute the value 3 for x in the equation and see if the left-hand member equals the right-hand member.
4(3) - 2 = 3(3) + 1
12 - 2 = 9 + 1
10 = 10
Ans. 3 is a solution.
The first-degree equations that we consider in this chapter have at most one solution. The solutions to many such equations can be determined by inspection.
Example 2 Find the solution of each equation by inspection.
a. x + 5 = 12
b. 4 · x = -20
Solutions a. 7 is the solution since 7 + 5 = 12.
b. -5 is the solution since 4(-5) = -20.
SOLVING EQUATIONS USING ADDITION AND SUBTRACTION PROPERTIES
In Section 3.1 we solved some simple first-degree equations by inspection. However, the solutions of most equations are not immediately evident by inspection. Hence, we need some mathematical 'tools' for solving equations.
EQUIVALENT EQUATIONS
Equivalent equations are equations that have identical solutions. Thus,
3x + 3 = x + 13, 3x = x + 10, 2x = 10, and x = 5
are equivalent equations, because 5 is the only solution of each of them. Notice in the equation 3x + 3 = x + 13, the solution 5 is not evident by inspection but in the equation x = 5, the solution 5 is evident by inspection. In solving any equation, we transform a given equation whose solution may not be obvious to an equivalent equation whose solution is easily noted.
The following property, sometimes called the addition-subtraction property, is one way that we can generate equivalent equations.
If the same quantity is added to or subtracted from both membersof an equation, the resulting equation is equivalent to the originalequation.
In symbols,
a - b, a + c = b + c, and a - c = b - c
are equivalent equations.
Example 1 Write an equation equivalent to
x + 3 = 7
by subtracting 3 from each member.
Solution Subtracting 3 from each member yields
x + 3 - 3 = 7 - 3
or
x = 4
Notice that x + 3 = 7 and x = 4 are equivalent equations since the solution is the same for both, namely 4. The next example shows how we can generate equivalent equations by first simplifying one or both members of an equation.
Example 2 Write an equation equivalent to
4x- 2-3x = 4 + 6
by combining like terms and then by adding 2 to each member.
Combining like terms yields
x - 2 = 10
Adding 2 to each member yields
x-2+2 =10+2
x = 12
To solve an equation, we use the addition-subtraction property to transform a given equation to an equivalent equation of the form x = a, from which we can find the solution by inspection.
Example 3 Solve 2x + 1 = x - 2.
We want to obtain an equivalent equation in which all terms containing x are in one member and all terms not containing x are in the other. If we first add -1 to (or subtract 1 from) each member, we get
2x + 1- 1 = x - 2- 1
2x = x - 3
If we now add -x to (or subtract x from) each member, we get
2x-x = x - 3 - x
x = -3
where the solution -3 is obvious.
The solution of the original equation is the number -3; however, the answer is often displayed in the form of the equation x = -3.
Since each equation obtained in the process is equivalent to the original equation, -3 is also a solution of 2x + 1 = x - 2. In the above example, we can check the solution by substituting - 3 for x in the original equation
2(-3) + 1 = (-3) - 2
-5 = -5
The symmetric property of equality is also helpful in the solution of equations. This property states
If a = b then b = a
This enables us to interchange the members of an equation whenever we please without having to be concerned with any changes of sign. Thus,
If 4 = x + 2 then x + 2 = 4
If x + 3 = 2x - 5 then 2x - 5 = x + 3
If d = rt then rt = d
There may be several different ways to apply the addition property above. Sometimes one method is better than another, and in some cases, the symmetric property of equality is also helpful.
Example 4 Solve 2x = 3x - 9. (1)
Solution If we first add -3x to each member, we get
2x - 3x = 3x - 9 - 3x
-x = -9
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where the variable has a negative coefficient. Although we can see by inspection that the solution is 9, because -(9) = -9, we can avoid the negative coefficient by adding -2x and +9 to each member of Equation (1). In this case, we get
2x-2x + 9 = 3x- 9-2x+ 9
9 = x
from which the solution 9 is obvious. If we wish, we can write the last equation as x = 9 by the symmetric property of equality.
SOLVING EQUATIONS USING THE DIVISION PROPERTY
Consider the equation
3x = 12
The solution to this equation is 4. Also, note that if we divide each member of the equation by 3, we obtain the equations
whose solution is also 4. In general, we have the following property, which is sometimes called the division property.
If both members of an equation are divided by the same (nonzero)quantity, the resulting equation is equivalent to the original equation.
In symbols,
are equivalent equations.
Example 1 Write an equation equivalent to
-4x = 12
by dividing each member by -4.
Solution Dividing both members by -4 yields
In solving equations, we use the above property to produce equivalent equations in which the variable has a coefficient of 1.
Imovie 10 1 2 advanced tools. Example 2 Solve 3y + 2y = 20.
We first combine like terms to get
5y = 20
Then, dividing each member by 5, we obtain
In the next example, we use the addition-subtraction property and the division property to solve an equation.
Dora buji in malayalam. Example 3 Solve 4x + 7 = x - 2.
Solution First, we add -x and -7 to each member to get
4x + 7 - x - 7 = x - 2 - x - 1
Webtolayers 1 1 2 X 47
Next, combining like terms yields
3x = -9
Last, we divide each member by 3 to obtain
SOLVING EQUATIONS USING THE MULTIPLICATION PROPERTY
Consider the equation
The solution to this equation is 12. Also, note that if we multiply each member of the equation by 4, we obtain the equations
whose solution is also 12. In general, we have the following property, which is sometimes called the multiplication property.
If both members of an equation are multiplied by the same nonzero quantity, the resulting equation Is equivalent to the original equation.
In symbols,
a = b and a·c = b·c (c ≠ 0)
are equivalent equations.
Example 1 Write an equivalent equation to
by multiplying each member by 6.
Solution Multiplying each member by 6 yields
In solving equations, we use the above property to produce equivalent equations that are free of fractions.
Example 2 Solve
Solution First, multiply each member by 5 to get
Now, divide each member by 3,
Example 3 Solve .
Solution First, simplify above the fraction bar to get
https://bestrfil471.weebly.com/girls-with-guns-games.html. Next, multiply each member by 3 to obtain
Last, dividing each member by 5 yields Kardnote 1 0 7 – note taking with markdown.
FURTHER SOLUTIONS OF EQUATIONS
Now we know all the techniques needed to solve most first-degree equations. There is no specific order in which the properties should be applied. Any one or more of the following steps listed on page 102 may be appropriate.
Steps to solve first-degree equations:
- Combine like terms in each member of an equation.
- Using the addition or subtraction property, write the equation with all terms containing the unknown in one member and all terms not containing the unknown in the other.
- Combine like terms in each member.
- Use the multiplication property to remove fractions.
- Use the division property to obtain a coefficient of 1 for the variable.
Example 1 Solve 5x - 7 = 2x - 4x + 14.
Solution First, we combine like terms, 2x - 4x, to yield
5x - 7 = -2x + 14
Next, we add +2x and +7 to each member and combine like terms to get
5x - 7 + 2x + 7 = -2x + 14 + 2x + 1
7x = 21
Finally, we divide each member by 7 to obtain
In the next example, we simplify above the fraction bar before applying the properties that we have been studying.
Example 2 Solve
Solution First, we combine like terms, 4x - 2x, to get
Then we add -3 to each member and simplify
by subtracting 3 from each member.
Solution Subtracting 3 from each member yields
x + 3 - 3 = 7 - 3
or
x = 4
Notice that x + 3 = 7 and x = 4 are equivalent equations since the solution is the same for both, namely 4. The next example shows how we can generate equivalent equations by first simplifying one or both members of an equation.
Example 2 Write an equation equivalent to
4x- 2-3x = 4 + 6
by combining like terms and then by adding 2 to each member.
Combining like terms yields
x - 2 = 10
Adding 2 to each member yields
x-2+2 =10+2
x = 12
To solve an equation, we use the addition-subtraction property to transform a given equation to an equivalent equation of the form x = a, from which we can find the solution by inspection.
Example 3 Solve 2x + 1 = x - 2.
We want to obtain an equivalent equation in which all terms containing x are in one member and all terms not containing x are in the other. If we first add -1 to (or subtract 1 from) each member, we get
2x + 1- 1 = x - 2- 1
2x = x - 3
If we now add -x to (or subtract x from) each member, we get
2x-x = x - 3 - x
x = -3
where the solution -3 is obvious.
The solution of the original equation is the number -3; however, the answer is often displayed in the form of the equation x = -3.
Since each equation obtained in the process is equivalent to the original equation, -3 is also a solution of 2x + 1 = x - 2. In the above example, we can check the solution by substituting - 3 for x in the original equation
2(-3) + 1 = (-3) - 2
-5 = -5
The symmetric property of equality is also helpful in the solution of equations. This property states
If a = b then b = a
This enables us to interchange the members of an equation whenever we please without having to be concerned with any changes of sign. Thus,
If 4 = x + 2 then x + 2 = 4
If x + 3 = 2x - 5 then 2x - 5 = x + 3
If d = rt then rt = d
There may be several different ways to apply the addition property above. Sometimes one method is better than another, and in some cases, the symmetric property of equality is also helpful.
Example 4 Solve 2x = 3x - 9. (1)
Solution If we first add -3x to each member, we get
2x - 3x = 3x - 9 - 3x
-x = -9
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where the variable has a negative coefficient. Although we can see by inspection that the solution is 9, because -(9) = -9, we can avoid the negative coefficient by adding -2x and +9 to each member of Equation (1). In this case, we get
2x-2x + 9 = 3x- 9-2x+ 9
9 = x
from which the solution 9 is obvious. If we wish, we can write the last equation as x = 9 by the symmetric property of equality.
SOLVING EQUATIONS USING THE DIVISION PROPERTY
Consider the equation
3x = 12
The solution to this equation is 4. Also, note that if we divide each member of the equation by 3, we obtain the equations
whose solution is also 4. In general, we have the following property, which is sometimes called the division property.
If both members of an equation are divided by the same (nonzero)quantity, the resulting equation is equivalent to the original equation.
In symbols,
are equivalent equations.
Example 1 Write an equation equivalent to
-4x = 12
by dividing each member by -4.
Solution Dividing both members by -4 yields
In solving equations, we use the above property to produce equivalent equations in which the variable has a coefficient of 1.
Imovie 10 1 2 advanced tools. Example 2 Solve 3y + 2y = 20.
We first combine like terms to get
5y = 20
Then, dividing each member by 5, we obtain
In the next example, we use the addition-subtraction property and the division property to solve an equation.
Dora buji in malayalam. Example 3 Solve 4x + 7 = x - 2.
Solution First, we add -x and -7 to each member to get
4x + 7 - x - 7 = x - 2 - x - 1
Webtolayers 1 1 2 X 47
Next, combining like terms yields
3x = -9
Last, we divide each member by 3 to obtain
SOLVING EQUATIONS USING THE MULTIPLICATION PROPERTY
Consider the equation
The solution to this equation is 12. Also, note that if we multiply each member of the equation by 4, we obtain the equations
whose solution is also 12. In general, we have the following property, which is sometimes called the multiplication property.
If both members of an equation are multiplied by the same nonzero quantity, the resulting equation Is equivalent to the original equation.
In symbols,
a = b and a·c = b·c (c ≠ 0)
are equivalent equations.
Example 1 Write an equivalent equation to
by multiplying each member by 6.
Solution Multiplying each member by 6 yields
In solving equations, we use the above property to produce equivalent equations that are free of fractions.
Example 2 Solve
Solution First, multiply each member by 5 to get
Now, divide each member by 3,
Example 3 Solve .
Solution First, simplify above the fraction bar to get
https://bestrfil471.weebly.com/girls-with-guns-games.html. Next, multiply each member by 3 to obtain
Last, dividing each member by 5 yields Kardnote 1 0 7 – note taking with markdown.
FURTHER SOLUTIONS OF EQUATIONS
Now we know all the techniques needed to solve most first-degree equations. There is no specific order in which the properties should be applied. Any one or more of the following steps listed on page 102 may be appropriate.
Steps to solve first-degree equations:
- Combine like terms in each member of an equation.
- Using the addition or subtraction property, write the equation with all terms containing the unknown in one member and all terms not containing the unknown in the other.
- Combine like terms in each member.
- Use the multiplication property to remove fractions.
- Use the division property to obtain a coefficient of 1 for the variable.
Example 1 Solve 5x - 7 = 2x - 4x + 14.
Solution First, we combine like terms, 2x - 4x, to yield
5x - 7 = -2x + 14
Next, we add +2x and +7 to each member and combine like terms to get
5x - 7 + 2x + 7 = -2x + 14 + 2x + 1
7x = 21
Finally, we divide each member by 7 to obtain
In the next example, we simplify above the fraction bar before applying the properties that we have been studying.
Example 2 Solve
Solution First, we combine like terms, 4x - 2x, to get
Then we add -3 to each member and simplify
Next, we multiply each member by 3 to obtain
Finally, we divide each member by 2 to get
SOLVING FORMULAS
Equations that involve variables for the measures of two or more physical quantities are called formulas. We can solve for any one of the variables in a formula if the values of the other variables are known. We substitute the known values in the formula and solve for the unknown variable by the methods we used in the preceding sections.
Example 1 In the formula d = rt, find t if d = 24 and r = 3.
Solution We can solve for t by substituting 24 for d and 3 for r. That is,
d = rt
(24) = (3)t
8 = t
It is often necessary to solve formulas or equations in which there is more than one variable for one of the variables in terms of the others. We use the same methods demonstrated in the preceding sections.
Example 2 In the formula d = rt, solve for t in terms of r and d.
Solution We may solve for t in terms of r and d by dividing both members by r to yield
from which, by the symmetric law,
In the above example, we solved for t by applying the division property to generate an equivalent equation. Sometimes, it is necessary to apply more than one such property.
Example 3 In the equation ax + b = c, solve for x in terms of a, b and c.
Solution We can solve for x by first adding -b to each member to get
then dividing each member by a, we have